硅橡膠的主要性能及應用

硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的主(zhu)要(yao)性能(neng)及應用(yong)(yong)：硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)按(an)其硫化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度，可分(fen)為高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)（加熱）硫化(hua)(hua)型及和室溫(wen)(wen)硫化(hua)(hua)型兩大類，高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)膠(jiao)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)造各種硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)制(zhi)品，而(er)室溫(wen)(wen)膠(jiao)則主(zhu)要(yao)是作為粘(zhan)接劑(ji)、灌(guan)封材料或(huo)模具使用(yong)(yong)。　

　　1、熱硫化硅橡(xiang)膠(jiao)（HTV）

    　　熱硫(liu)化硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)（HTV）是有機(ji)硅(gui)產品(pin)中最重要(yao)的一類，甲基(ji)(ji)(ji)乙(yi)烯(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)（VMQ）是HTV中最主要(yao)的品(pin)種(zhong)，俗(su)稱高溫膠(jiao)(jiao)。甲基(ji)(ji)(ji)乙(yi)烯(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)（生膠(jiao)(jiao)）是無(wu)色、無(wu)臭(chou)、無(wu)毒、無(wu)機(ji)械(xie)雜質的膠(jiao)(jiao)狀物，生膠(jiao)(jiao)按需要(yao)加入適當的補(bu)強劑(ji)、結構控制劑(ji)、硫(liu)化劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)助劑(ji)一起混煉，然后升溫模壓成型(xing)或擠出成型(xing)，再(zai)經(jing)二段硫(liu)化做成各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)制品(pin)。其制品(pin)具有優良的電(dian)絕緣性，抗(kang)電(dian)弧、電(dian)暈、電(dian)火花能力強，防水(shui)、防潮、抗(kang)沖擊力、抗(kang)震(zhen)性好，具有生理惰性，透氣性等(deng)(deng)性能。主要(yao)用于航(hang)空、儀表、電(dian)子電(dian)器(qi)、航(hang)海、冶金、機(ji)械(xie)、汽車、醫療衛生等(deng)(deng)部門，可做各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)形狀的密封圈(quan)、墊片(pian)、管(guan)、電(dian)纜，也(ye)可做人體(ti)器(qi)官、血管(guan)、透氣膜以(yi)及橡膠(jiao)(jiao)模具，精密鑄造的脫模劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)。

　　2、室溫硫化硅橡膠（RTV）　

    　　室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)一般包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)縮合(he)(he)型和(he)加(jia)成(cheng)型兩大類。加(jia)成(cheng)型室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)(shi)以具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)乙烯(xi)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚硅(gui)(gui)(gui)氧(yang)(yang)烷為(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，以含氫硅(gui)(gui)(gui)氧(yang)(yang)烷為(wei)交聯劑(ji)，在(zai)(zai)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)存在(zai)(zai)下(xia)于(yu)(yu)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)至中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)發生交聯反應(ying)(ying)而(er)成(cheng)為(wei)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體。它具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、憎水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、電(dian)(dian)絕(jue)緣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，同時(shi)(shi)由于(yu)(yu)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)端(duan)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引入，使(shi)其具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)物理機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)抗張強(qiang)度、相(xiang)對(dui)伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)和(he)撕裂(lie)強(qiang)度上有(you)(you)(you)了明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)。它適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方法，如輻射硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、過氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)及加(jia)成(cheng)型硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)耐熱(re)、防(fang)潮、電(dian)(dian)絕(jue)緣、高(gao)強(qiang)度硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)等(deng)方面。　縮合(he)(he)型室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)(shi)以硅(gui)(gui)(gui)羥基(ji)(ji)與其他(ta)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)縮合(he)(he)反應(ying)(ying)為(wei)特(te)征，于(yu)(yu)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)即可(ke)交聯成(cheng)為(wei)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)分(fen)為(wei)單組份包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝和(he)雙組份包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝兩種(zhong)(zhong)形式(shi)。單組分(fen)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)（簡(jian)稱(cheng)RTV-1膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)）是(shi)(shi)縮合(he)(he)型液體硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)主要產(chan)品(pin)(pin)之一。通常由基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)聚合(he)(he)物、交聯劑(ji)、催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)、填料(liao)(liao)(liao)及添加(jia)劑(ji)等(deng)配制(zhi)而(er)成(cheng)。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝在(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)軟管中(zhong)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)擠出(chu)，接(jie)觸空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)能(neng)自行硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)極為(wei)方便。硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)（–60 ～ +200℃）溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度范(fan)圍長(chang)期(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)優(you)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，能(neng)耐水(shui)，耐臭氧(yang)(yang)，耐氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候老(lao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，對(dui)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬和(he)非金(jin)(jin)屬材料(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)各種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器件(jian)(jian)及電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)涂復，包(bao)(bao)(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)起(qi)絕(jue)緣，防(fang)潮，防(fang)震作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；作(zuo)為(wei)半導體器件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面保護材料(liao)(liao)(liao)；也(ye)可(ke)作(zuo)為(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)填隙料(liao)(liao)(liao)及彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)劑(ji)等(deng)。雙組分(fen)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)（簡(jian)稱(cheng)RTV-2膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)）使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)上沒有(you)(you)(you)RTV-1膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)方便，但(dan)其組分(fen)比(bi)例富于(yu)(yu)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，一個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)以得到(dao)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)規格性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)，而(er)且還(huan)能(neng)深度硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，因(yin)而(er)被廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)器、汽車(che)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)、建筑、紡織、化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、輕(qing)工(gong)(gong)、印刷(shua)等(deng)行業作(zuo)絕(jue)緣、封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)裝、嵌(qian)(qian)縫、密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、防(fang)潮、抗震及制(zhi)作(zuo)輥筒的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)。此外，由于(yu)(yu)RTV-2具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)模(mo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，因(yin)而(er)作(zuo)為(wei)軟模(mo)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)大量(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)文物、工(gong)(gong)藝品(pin)(pin)、玩具(ju)、電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)器、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)零件(jian)(jian)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復制(zhi)與制(zhi)造。有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)典型應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)場合(he)(he)之一是(shi)(shi)玻(bo)璃幕(mu)墻。將(jiang)玻(bo)璃與鋁合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)框架用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)結構膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)作(zuo)為(wei)外墻材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，伸(shen)(shen)縮縫則用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)耐候膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做防(fang)水(shui)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。其他(ta)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)還(huan)包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)鋁合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)門(men)窗和(he)塑鋼門(men)窗的(de)(de)(de)(de)周邊密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，玻(bo)璃安裝及移動(dong)槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)拼縫、鉚釘(ding)及固定螺絲的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：廚房、浴室(shi)、洗手間的(de)(de)(de)(de)衛生潔具(ju)及臺面、墻體、家具(ju)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)；水(shui)族(zu)館、天(tian)棚、金(jin)(jin)屬頂蓋、櫥(chu)窗、柜臺、護墻板(ban)、彩鋼板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)；用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)高(gao)等(deng)級公(gong)路板(ban)塊間的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)嵌(qian)(qian)縫密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)等(deng)。RTV除了建筑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以外，還(huan)包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)航空航天(tian)、核電(dian)(dian)站、電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)、汽車(che)等(deng)行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器件(jian)(jian)灌封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)灌封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)軟模(mo)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)具(ju)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等(deng)。這些品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求量(liang)相(xiang)對(dui)較少(shao)，但(dan)在(zai)(zai)很多(duo)場合(he)(he)卻是(shi)(shi)不可(ke)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)